C++ Certification Course

• Strict type Checking of C++.
• Compulsory return type.
• The compulsory return value in non-void functions.
• Compulsory Function Declaration / Prototyping.
• Function Overloading
• Polymorphism: Compile time Polymorphism using Function Overloading.
• Default Arguments
• Ambiguity in Function Overloading
• Inline Functions
• Comparison: Inline Function and Macro with Arguments.
• Function Pointer
• Call back Functions
• Modern C++ Features
• Lambda
• Argument Passing  to Lambda
• Returning Value from Lambda
• Lambda Capture Clause –
• Capture by Read-only and
• Capture by Reference

• Function Template – Writing Generic Functions
• Template Instantiation
• Overloading a Function Template
• Template vs Macros
• C++ Algorithms

• Swap
• Min
• Max
• Sort
• Sort – Custom Sorting using Predicate Function (Call back)
• Sort – Custom Sorting Using Lambda
• max_element
• min_element
• Find
• Find_if – using Predicate Function and using Lambda
• binary_search
• Count
• Count_if – using Predicate Function and using Lambda
• Copy – (memcpy vs copy will be discussed after the concept of Constructor)
• fill- (memset vs fill will be discussed after the concept of Constructor)

• Defining Classes
• Defining Member: Data Members and Member Functions
• Access Specifier
• Defining Member Functions Outside the class
• Creating Object
• Accessing Members using Object.
• Memory allocation of objects
• This Pointer
• Implementation of Encapsulation, Abstraction and Data Hiding.

• Constructor
• Need for a Constructor
• Types of Constructors 

• Default Constructor
• Parameterized Constructor
• Copy Constructor

• Destructor
• Dynamic Memory allocation using new And delete
• Shallow Copy And Deep Copy
• Copy Constructor
• Explicit Specifier 
• Use of Valgrind utility to understand memory leakage.  
• Writing programs to avoid memory leaks by writing appropriate code in destructors.
• Lvalue and Rvalue Reference – Revisit
• Move Constructor
• Move Assignment Operator
• Deleted Functions

• Constructor
• Need for a Constructor
• Types of Constructors 

• Default Constructor
• Parameterized Constructor
• Copy Constructor

• Destructor
• Dynamic Memory allocation using new And delete
• Shallow Copy And Deep Copy
• Copy Constructor
• Explicit Specifier 
• Use of Valgrind utility to understand memory leakage.  
• Writing programs to avoid memory leaks by writing appropriate code in destructors.
• Lvalue and Rvalue Reference – Revisit
• Move Constructor
• Move Assignment Operator
• Deleted Functions

• Static Data Members
• Difference between Static Members and Global Members
• Static Member Functions
• The correct way to Access Static Member Functions.
• Const Members
• Usage Of Initializer List for Const and Reference Members
• Const Member Functions
• Mutable type specifier

• Operator Overloading
• Rules of Overloading 
• Overloading Unary and Binary Operators

• Overloading Arithmetic Operator
• Overloading Relation Operator
• Overloading = Operator 
• Overloading >> (extraction) and << (insertion) Operators

• Operators that cannot be overloaded
• Operators that can be overloaded only using Member Functions.

STL algorithms revisit:

• Sort: Sorting of user-defined (class) type objects.
• Max, max_element 
• Find
• Fill – Understand the difference between memset and fill
• Copy – Understand the difference between memcpy and copy

• Smart Pointers: 

• Unique_ptr 

• Transfer Ownership using move
• Deleted Functions – Copy Constructor and Assignment Operator
• Release/Delete the object using the reset
• Make_unique

• shared_ptr 

• Number of references using use_count
• Release the object using reset.

• Inheritance [Generalization]
• What Is Inheritance and its Needs
• Access Modes Of Inheritance
• Types Of Inheritance
• Single and Multilevel
• Constructor And Destructor in Inheritance
• Passing parameters to base-class constructors from a derived class constructor.

• Describe Binding
• Purpose of going for run time polymorphism
• Virtual Functions
• Using Virtual function to implement dynamic binding
• Using Virtual function and inheritance to achieve late binding
• VTABLE
• Virtual destructors
• Pure virtual function
• Abstract classes

• Modern C++ Features 

• Explicit overrides 
• Restricting a class from further inheritance using final. 
• Restricting a function from further overriding using final. 

• Understand what is an exception
• Handling exceptions using try and catch block
• Raise an exception.
• Raising an exception from catch block – rethrow
• Generic Exception
• Built-in exceptions

• Define RTTI 
• Runtime type-identification using type ID
• Using type ID with reference types 
• Casting operators 

• Static Cast 
• Dynamic Cast 
• Const Cast 
• Reinterpret Cast 

• • Template Classes

• Sequence Containers: 

• Vector

• Insertion and Deletion at rear
• Iterator to Vectors
• Traversing Elements of Vector 

• Traversing using traditional for loop
• Traversing using Range-based for loop
• Traversing  using Iterators

• Arithmetic and Relational Operators support with vector
• Insert/Delete an element  in between
• Vectors with Class Types
• Using vectors with STL algorithms  

• List

• Insertion and Deletion at front and rear
• Iterator to List
• Traversing Elements of List

• Traversing using Range-based for loop
• Traversing  using Iterators

• Arithmetic and Relational Operators support with a list
• Insert/Delete an element  in between
• Lists with Class Types
• Using Lists with STL algorithms
• STL algorithms which can be used with List
• STL algorithms cannot be used with List and the reason for it.

Associative Containers: 

• Set, Multiset
• Map, multimap

Container Adapters: 

• Stack
• Queue
• Priority Queue

Modern C++ Containers

• Forward_list
• Unordered_set, unordered_multiset 
• Unordered_map, unordered_multimap

• Stream Objects Types : ifstream, ofstream, fstream
• Opening a file
• Reading data from file
• Writing data to file
• Get and Put Stream Positioning :seekg, tellg, seekp tellp
• Working with Binary files: read and write

• Thread Creation
• Thread creation using global function
• Thread creation using member function
• Waiting for a thread to complete
• Argument passing to the thread by value
• Argument passing to the thread by reference (ref)
• Multiple threads running parallel
• Data sharing and Race Condition
• Fixing Race condition using Mutex
• Lock_guard
• Future and Promise